What is word error rate (WER)? The most commonly used measure of speech-to-text accuracy is the word error rate (WER). It shows what percentage of words are missing, inserted, and mispronounced in the machine-generated transcript compared to a reference transcript …
What Is Word Error Rate? Formula, Worked Example, Limits Read more »
What is time to first token? It is the time, measured from a user’s prompt to the first word of the output generated by a large language model. Measures the time elapsed between a user’s prompt and the first word …
What Is Time to First Token? The Wait Users Actually Feel Read more »
Voice AI latency is the time between the caller finishing a sentence and the AI agent responding. It accumulates in the voice activity detection (VAD), speech recognition, language model processing, speech synthesis, and network transport modules. Most production agents take …
Voice AI Latency: Fix the Pause Before Callers Hang Up Read more »
Voice activity detection (VAD) is a method that determines if a stream of audio contains human speech or only silence and background noise frame-by-frame. It’s used by voice AI systems to identify when a person begins speaking, when they end …
Voice Activity Detection: What Voice AI Hears and Ignores Read more »
What is endpointing? The task a voice AI system performs to determine when a speaker has finished speaking so it can stop listening and start responding. It’s a combination of voice activity detection, silence timing, and now, more than ever, …
What is turn detection? It’s technology that enables the voice AI agent to detect when a person has begun speaking, when they have finished speaking, and when it is appropriate for the voice AI agent to respond. Voice AI-powered detection …
What Is Turn Detection? A 2026 Guide to Voice AI Timing Read more »
What is barge in? Barge-in is voice AI functionality that allows a caller to interrupt an automated agent during their statement, and the automated agent will stop his/her voice, listen to the caller, and then respond. It’s a combination of …
What Is Barge In? Teaching Voice AI to Be Interrupted Read more »
A large language model (LLM) is an AI system that is trained on a vast amount of text to understand context and produce human-like text. It works by predicting the next word in a sequence and uses billions of parameters …
Large Language Model for Voice AI: Speed, Accuracy, Fit Read more »
Natural language understanding (NLU) is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computers to comprehend the semantics, purpose, and background of natural language. It falls under the broader field of natural language processing (NLP), which is integral to numerous applications, …
Natural Language Understanding: The AI Meaning Layer Read more »
The technology that uses machine learning to convert spoken audio into written text is called Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Today’s automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems use deep neural networks to address accents, background noise, and dozens of languages – both …
Automatic Speech Recognition: Models, WER & Latency (2026) Read more »